Current Updates:-

 Delhi Recommends Ending Weekend Curfew, Restricition on Markets:- The Delhi govt. on Friday recommended lifting of weekend curfews ordered from 10 PM Fridays to 5 AM Mondays. in the national capital in view of declining COVID Cases. The file has beenforwarded to the office of lieutenant anil baijal for his approval. 

First on Site evidence of water on Moon:- Change's 5 Lunar Lander of China has found first ever on site evidence of water on the surface of Moon.The Fifth Lunar Exploration Mission of Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. it has been named after the Chinese moon goddess Change's. The Spacecraft was launced on Nov 23rd 2020 From Hainan Island.

CBSE Board Exam 2022:- The CBSE Class 10th and Class 12th  Board Exam 2022 Candidates must note that there are certain important updates for them..

Delhi Recommends Ending Weekend Curfew, Restricitions on Markets

The Delhi Govt. on Friday recommended lifting of weekend curfews ordered from 10 pm Fridays to 5 am Mondays- in the national capital in view of declining COVID Cases. The file has been forwarded to the office of Lieutenant Anil Baijal for his approval. Shops and commercial establishment, which had been allowed to operate on the odd-even basis to limit crowds in public spaces, can now open on all days, Private offices, told to shift to WFH, or Work From Home mode where possible can now function with 50 Percent Attendance.

Delhi on thursday reported 12,306 new cases- a drop of 10.72 per cent over the previous 24 hours. There were, however 43 confirmed deaths the most since june last year when 44 people had died. Reported COVID-19 cases in the national capital have seen a marked decline over the past few days- from a peak of nearly 30,000 on january 14 to fewer than 13,000 yesterday.

The Seven day average of new cases has dropped from a high of over 23,000 to 16,000 yesterday.

To encourage testing and rapid identification of COVID Cases, the Delhi government has also reduced rates of RT-PCR Tests and RAT or rapid antigen tests. The former is capped at Rs. 300 per test with home collection tests at Rs. 500 and the latter at Rs.100. 

Meanwhile this morning india reported over 3.47 lakh new cases in 24 hours - a nine percent increase in 24 hours with positivity rates at a worrying 18 percent Over 700 deaths were reported. Delhi Health minister satyendar jain on sunday sought to ally fears over the declining number of tests being conducted, saying that in fact the city was conducting three times more than the number recommended by the ICMR or Indian Council for Medical Research.

 

Azadi ke Amrit Mahotsav se Swarnim Bharat Ke Ore

Azadi ke Amrit Mahotsav means Festival of Independence. Swarnim Bharat ke Ore means Towards Golden India. The programme is "Azadi ke Amrit to Golden India". The programme began on Jan 20,2022. it was started by PM Modi.it marks the yearlong celebrations of azadi ke amrit dedicated by the Brahma Kumaris. Under the Initiative, 15000 events and 30 campaigns are to be held, during the event ricky rez, the grammy award winner is to dedicated a song to the event.

 

The programmes are to be held in hospitals and medical colleges. it will focus on wellbeing, spirituality and nutrition. It will also include conferences for doctors, cancer screening and medical camps.

The Prime Minister launched the following seven initiatives during the programme:-

• Green Initiatives under Mera Bharat Swasth Bharat
• Self-reliant Farmer Initiatives under Atma Nirbhar Bharat
  
• Women- Flag bearers of India
• A cycle rally on Undiscovered India
• Peace Bus Campaign
  
• Motor bike campaign on Unite India
• Initiatives under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

In Indian context, immortality is not confined to bodily existence. it is embodied experience of oneness with the cosmos. All the initiatives will ultimately focus on the principle.

Once a Hostage , She's Now Running for President of Colombia

Ingrid Betancourt, the politician and the former Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia hostage , at a news conference in Bogota, Colombia on Tuesday , Jan 18, 2022

Ingrid Betancourt, a former congresswoman and one time guerrilla hostage who has come to symbolize both the brutality of Colombia's long war and the Country's efforts at reconciliation, will run for president, she said Tuesday.

Betancourt enters a wide open race at a time when Colombia is at a critical political and social crossroads.

When she was kidnapped 20 years ago, Betancourt was campaigning for the same Office. Now she said, the country is facing the same corrupt system and political machinery that she had fought back then.

Today I am here to finish what I started, she said standing on a stage at a hotel in downtown Bogota, The Country's Capital flanked by allies.

Betancourt who was captured in 2002 and held by the country's largest guerrilla force, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, for more than six years, announced her bid for the May election with the country facing enormous challenges.

Following more than 50 years of war, the government and the rebel group known as FARC, signed a peace deal in 2016. But since then a swell of other armed groups have swept into the vacuum and continued to fight.

Violence has surged in parts of countryside- and critics have faulted the govt. for not investing enough to address the inequality and poverty that had helped fuel the war as it had committed to doing in the peace deal.

TODAY, there are more than 20 candidates for the presidency with most of the best known candidates grouped into three coalitions: a coalition on the left, headed by Petro; a coalition in the center, which Betancourt is joining; and a coalition on the right whose members are seen as the torchbearers for the current govt.

Some Facts About SMOG 😷

Smog is term first used in the early 1900s to describe a mix of smoke and fog.

• Air Pollution that reduces visibility.
• Combination of various gases with water vapour and dust.
• Gases largely produced when fuels are burnt.
• Initially Denoted a mix of smoke and fog.
• Smoke- From Burning Coal.
• Factors responsible- emissions from motor vehicles and power stations, temperature and wind conditions etc.
• Formation- Hear and Sunlight react with gases and fine particles in the air.
• At ground levels, smog is harmful to breathe and can negatively affect your health.
• Smog can travel great distances carried by the wind.
• In Winter Months, high smog concentrations have been measured in parts of Wyoming and Colorado.
• A child born today might not breathe clean air until they are 8.
• Children are most vulnerable to air pollution but we all are affected.
• 91% of the World's Population are Breathing in Polluted Air Every Day.
• At least 1 in 10 People Die from Air Pollution Related Diseases.
• Air Pollution is a Greater Threat to Life Expectancy than Smoking, HIV or War.
  

DSSSB Recruitment 2022 Syllabus and Exam Pattern

 

The Selection Process for DSSSB Recruitment 2022 is different for different posts. The Selection process will be done by Following Steps:

• One Tier Exam Tier-1
• Two Tier Exam ( Tier-I & Tier-II)

The Post- wise selection process is given below:-

DSSSB Syllabus and Exam Pattern:-

Tier-I Examinations of DSSSB is an online exam with Multiple- Choice Questions comprising of 200/300 Marks & two sections A&B. Sections such as General Awareness, General Intelligence and Reasoning, Arithmetical and Numerical Ability, English and Hindi Language Test are asked in Sec-A and will constitute of 100 Marks. Section B covers Teaching Methodology related questions and related subject questions.

DSSSB Exam Pattern for TGT, PRT & Nursery Teacher.

DSSSB Exam Pattern for Jr. Secretariat Assistant (LDC):- 

 DSSSB Exam Pattern for Counselor:-

 DSSSB Tier-II Exam Pattern:-

The Tier-II Exam has a 200 Marks Multiple Choice Question based test and an additional descriptive test of 75 Marks is asked in the Tier-II Exam of DSSSB. A Descriptive essay writing of 50 Marks and a Descriptive letter writing of 25 Marks is asked in the descriptive test of the DSSSB Online Exam.

Negative Marking For Wrong Answers:- 0.25 Marks will be deducted for every question that is attempted wrong. No Deduction will be made for the question left unanswered or unattempted.

DSSSB Syllabus TGT, PRT, LDC & Other Posts:- 

1. General Intelligence, Mental Ability & Reasoning:- Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning, Analogies, Similarities, Differences, Space Visualization, Problem Solving, Analysis, Judgement, Decision Making, Visual Memory, Descrimination, Observation, Relationship Concepts, Arithmetical Reasoning, Verbal and Figure Classification, Arithmetical Number Series etc.
2. Arithmetical & Numerical Ability, Aptitude and Data Interpretation:- Simplification, Decimals, Fractions, LCM, HCF, Ratio & Proportion, Percentage, Average, Profit & Loss, Discount, Simple & Compound Interest, Mensuration, Time & Work, Time & Distance, Tables & Graphs.
3. English Language:- Comprehension, Vocabulary, Grammar, Sentence Structure, Synonyms, Antonyms, Usage of Words etc.
4. General Awareness:- Current Events- National & International, History, Polity, Constitution, Sports, Art & Culture, Geography, Economics, Everyday Science, Scientific Research, National & International Organizations. 
5. Hindi Language:- संज्ञा एवम संज्ञा ने भेद।, सर्वनाम एवम सर्वनाम के भेद।, विशेषण एवम विशेषण के भेद।, क्रिया एवम क्रिया के भेद।, सन्धि, वाक्य निर्माण (सरल, संयुक्त एवम मिश्रित वाक्य), पर्यायवाची, विपरीपार्थक, अनेकार्थक, समानार्थी शब्द। , मुहावरे एवम लोकोक्तियां।, वचन, लिंग, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय, अलंकार, तत्सम, तद्धव, देशज, एवम विदेशी शब्द, समास।

Guru Ravidas Jayanti and Punjab Elections

 

 The Guru Ravidas Jayanti is celebrated on Magh Poornima that is on the new moon day of the Magh Month. It celebrated all over India.

 

 

About Ravidas

Ravidas was a social reformer and a spiritual man. He is a popular mainly for this work against castism. Ravidas was a contemporary saint to Saint Kabir. It is believed that Ravidas was a Brahmin in his previous birth. He was attracted to a woman while he was dying and wished her to be his mother. Thus, in his next birth he was born the very same woman. He is a 15th Century Poet.

During Ravidas Jayanti, People take dip in the holy rivers. They then remember the great miracles and events that happened in his life.

He contributed largely to the Bhakti Movement. He played a significant role in eradicating caste system. His works were highly commendable. A group of people even today follow Ravidassa Religion. 

Why Punjab Elections Postponement ? 

The Election Commission of India Recently postponed the assembly elections in the state of Punjab due to Ravi Das Jayanti. The Decision was made after the request made by few political parties. According to the new schedule, the elections are to be held in Feb 20. The last date for filling nominations is Feb 1. Date of Scrutiny of nominations is Feb 2. Counting date is March 10.

This year in 2022 the Ravidas Jayanti Falls on Feb 16, Between Feb 10 and Feb 16, his followers travel from Punjab to Varanasi. With this a large number of Voters will leave the state and might probably miss the polls that were to be held on Feb 14. 

 

Delhi's First DTC Electric Bus

 

The Delhi Chief Minister Shri Arvind Kejriwal flagged off the first electric bus of the Delhi Transport Corp. The E-Buses are to run on 27 km long Route. These buses were manufactured by the JBM Auto Ltd. They are fully air conditioned and Low Floor Buses.

These buses were acquired under the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and electric Vehicles in India, that is FAME-II. The first fleet of 300 buses is ready. First a few electric buses are to run from Pragati Maidan to IP Depot. It is a 27- km long route. It will cover places like ITO, Safdarjung and Ashram on its way. This is a prototype. This is being flagged off to check how long the batteries in the bus last. it will also check for technical problems. After this test run, the rest of the buses in the fleet will be added. 

The Delhi Govt. has planned to release fifty more electric buses by Feb 2022. The target is to add fifty electric buses per month. In the Pipeline set earlier, the Delhi Government will launch 2,300 electric buses. Of these, 1,300 are to be procured by the DTC. The Rest of the thousand is to operate under the cluster scheme. The Delhi Government is to install charging stations in the bus Depots. The Charging Stations are to be built in phased manner.

There are 6,793 buses in Delhi, Of this 3, 760 are run by the Delhi Transport Corporation and 3,033 are run by the DIMTS. DIMTS is Delhi Integrated Multi- Modal Transit System.

The Delhi Govt. Decided to run electric buses in the region in 2018. In future The Kejriwal Govt. has decided to convert all the govt. run buses into electric buses.

First on site evidence of water on Moon

Chang'e 5 Lunar Lander of China has found first ever on site evidence of water on the Surface of Moon.

The Chang'e 5 Spacecraft:- 

The Fifth Lunar Exploration Mission of Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. it has been named after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e. The Spacecraft was launched on November 23, 2020 from Hainan Island. it collected around 1,731 gram of lunar samples and also returned to the Earth on Dec 16, 2020.

• Study was Published in the peer reviewed journal Science Advances on January 8, 2022.
• It revealed that the lunar soil at the landing site comprises of less than 120 grams water per ton or 120 parts per million (ppm) water.
• It further reveals that a light, vesicular rock carries 180 ppm water.
• These are much drier as compared to that of Earth.
• Presence of water on Moon had been confirmed by remote observation earlier. However, lander has detected signs of water in rocks and soil.

Water was detected on the spot for the first time, by a device on board the lunar lander. The device measured the spectral reflectance of regolith and soil. The Spacecraft collected the samples, which are a mixture of granules. it was collected from both on the surface and beneath. 

CBSE Board Exam 2022

 

The CBSE Class 10 and Class 12 Board Exam 2022 candidates must note that there are certain important updates for them. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is expected to announce the CBSE Term 1 Exam 2022 Results for classes 10 and 12 soon.

The CBSE Class 10 and Class 12 Board Exam 2022 candidates must note that after the CBSE Term 1 Exam 2022 results are declared. They can check the results from the following websites.

1. cbse.gov.in
2. cbseresults.nic.in 

One must note that the CBSE has decided to conduct the exams in two terms due to the pandemic and the consequent canellation of the CBSE Class 10 and 12 Board Exams last year.

The CBSE concluded the CBSE Term 1 Exam 2022 for classes 10 and 12 board Exam Candidates on Dec 22 2021.

The Class 10 and 12 Board Exam 2022 Candidates must also take a note of the fact that CBSE will soon release the dates for the CBSE Term 2 Board Exam 2022. However various online platforms started publishing expected dates for CBSE Term 2 Date Sheet. Thus CBSE has issued a notice clarifying dates for the CBSE Term 2 Board Exam 2022.

After the results are released the CBSE Class 10 and Class 12 Board Exam 2022 candidates will have follow some simple steps to check their results -

• The candidates will have to login to official website of CBSE at cbse.gov.in or cbseresults.nic.in
• The candidates will then have to click on the link on the homepage that says CBSE Term 1 Class 10 Results 2022 or CBSE Term 1 Class 12 Results 2022.
• The Candidates will then have to enter the required credentials.
• The results will be displayed on screen
• The candidates must download the results and take a printout of the same for future reference.

 CBSE.GOV.IN AND CBSERESULTS.NIC.IN CHECK REGULARLY .

 

Basant Panchami : Unknown Facts

 

In India, Basant Panchami or Vasant Panchami is dedicated to the goddess of knowledge, arts and music, Saraswati. The day is celebrated with much pomp and fervour in North India.

In some parts of India people also worship the God Of Love, Kamadeva on this day. Interestingly, the day also heralds the arrival of Spring. Basant Panchami also marks the start of preparation for Holika and Holi, which occurs 40 days later.

• Basant Panchami is one of the many festivals that have been celebrated in India for a long times as a part of Vasantotsava ( Festival of Spring).
• One of the earliest textual references to the Vasantotsava celebrations is in the Taittiriya Aranyaka in which a passage mentions that spring is jaradaksha meaning skilled in water.
• In sanskrit literature the onset of spring is associated with nature coming alive.
• In the Ritusamhara well known poet kalidasa 4th century CE begins the sixth and last canto with a beautiful description of the onset of Vasanta.
• A passage in Banabhatta's prose poem Kadambari ( The Liquour) the heroine describes the arrival of Vasanta and Compares it with the arrival of her youth.

According to Nityananda Misra, A well known sanskrit scholar, Basant Panchami is referred to as Shri Panchami in Sanskrit texts and historically, it was Lakshmi (also called Shri) and not Saraswati who was worshipped on the date.

Citizenship Amendment Act- Recent Developments

 

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has asked to further extend the deadline of framing the rules of Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019.

MHA sought extention from parliamentary committees in the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Third and the latest extension expired on January 9 but MHA failed to notify the rules.

MHA has to make separate requests to two committees. Earlier, Ministry had sought time till april 9 2021. It was then extended to july 9 2021 by the committees to notify the rules.

Manual on Parliamentary work contain provisions for extention. it says, in case the ministries or Departments failed to frame rules within six months, after a legislation is passed, they can seek extension of time from the Committee on Subordinate Legislation, starting reasons for the move. The time can be extended for three months at a time.

The Citizenship Act, 2019

CAA was passed by Parliament on Dec 11 2019. President gave his assent on Dec 12 2019.

Ministry of Home Affairs had notified in January 2020 that the Act will be implemented from Jan 10 2020. However the same was postponed amid the covid 19 Pandemic.

The act seeks to provide citizenship to the six undocumented non Muslim communities from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh on the basis of religion. They would be provided citizenship, if they entered india on or before December 31,2014.

It also exempts the members of these six communities from any criminal case under the Passport act and foreigners act 1946. If they entered india before December 31 2014.

CAA was criticized because it does not grant such eligibility to Muslims from the Three Muslim majority countires. Furthermore religion had been used overtly for first time as a criterion for citizenship under Indian Law.

Random Facts That You Won't Believe are True

1. Giant Pandas eat approximately 28 pounds of bamboo a day- that's over 5 tons per year! 
2. The Nobel Peace Prize is Named for Alfred Nobel, The inventor of dynamite.
3. Cats are not able to taste anything that is sweet.
4. You fart on average 14 times a day, each fart travels from your body at 7 mph.
5. One of the ingredients needed to make dynamite is peanuts.
6. The largest living organism in the world is a fungus. it is in Oregon, Covering 2,200 acres and is still growing.
7. Kangaroos can not walk backwards.
8. A horse's Canter is a 3 beat gait. On the second beat, Opposite front and rear legs hit the ground at the same time. After the third beat is a rest or suspension, when all three legs are off the ground.
9. The shortest war in history lasted for only 38 Minutes.
10. While you sleep you can't smell anything- even really, really bad or potent smells.
11. Some tumors can grow hair, teeth , bones, even fingernails.
12. Your brain uses 10 watts of energy to think and does not feel pain.

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus

 

UPSC Mains Syllabus GS-I :

General Studies I is also called Paper II of UPSC Mains. It covers-  Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society. The detailed UPSC Syllabus for this paper is given below-

• Indian Culture will cover the salient aspects of Art forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
• Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
• The Freedom Struggle- its various stages and important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country.
• Post Independence cosolidation and reorganisation within the country.
• History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political Philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc. - their forms and effect on the society.
• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
• Role of Women and Women's Organisation, Population and Associated issues, poverty and Developmental issues, Urbanization, Their problems and their remedies.
• Effects of Globalization on Indian Society.
• Social empowerment , Communalism, Regianalism & Secularism.
• Salient Features of World's Physical Geography.
• Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world and tertiary sector industries in Various parts of the world (including India).
• Important Geophysical Phenomena such as Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclone etc. geographical features and their location changes in critical geographical features (Including water bodies and ice caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

 UPSC Mains Syllabus GS- II:

General Studies-II is also called Paper- III of UPSC Mains. It majorly cover Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations. The Detailed UPSC Syllabus for this paper is given below:- 

• Constitution of India- Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant, Provisions and Basic Structure.
• Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, Devolution of powers and Finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
• Parliament and State Legislature- Structure, functioning, conduct of business, power and privileges and issues arising out of these.
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary- Ministries and Departments of the Government; Pressure and formal/ informal associations and their role in the polity.
• Salient features of the Representation of People's Act.
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, power, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
• Statutory, Regulatory and Various quasi- judicial Bodies.
• Government Policies and interventions for development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, Various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
• Welfare schemes for Vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and states and the performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/ Services relating to Health Education, Human Resources.
• Issues Relating to poverty and hunger.
• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications models, successes, limitations and potential, citizens charters, trasparency and accountability & institutional and other measures.
• Role of Civil services in a Democracy.
• India and its Neighbourhood Relations.
• Bilateral, Regional and global groupings and agreements involving india and affecting India's Interests.
• Effects of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing countries on India's Interests, Indian Diaspora.
• Important International Institutions agencies and fora their structure and mandate.

 

 

 

 

UPSC Syllabus For Interview: 

Candidates who qualify the UPSC Mains Exam will be called for the Personality Test/ Interview. These candidates will be interviewed by a board appointed by the UPSC.

The Objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in civil services by a board of competent and unbiased observers.

The interview is more a purposive conversion intended to explore the mental qualities and analytical ability of the candidate.

The interview test will be 275 Marks and the total marks for the written examination is 1750. This sums up to Grand total of 2025 Marks, based on which the final merit list will be prepared. 

Best of Luck !!!!

Visit the Following Links to Know More About:- 

• 👉UPSC Exam Pattern for CSE Prelims📚
• 👉UPSC Syllabus for CSE Prelims📚
• 👉UPSC Mains Exam Pattern📚
  

UPSC Mains Exam Pattern

Paper I : Essay (can be written in the medium of the candidate's choice) 

Paper II : General Studies- I (Indian Heritage & Culture, History & Geography of the World & Society) 

Paper III: General Studies-II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice & International Relations)

Paper IV: General Studies- III ( Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Security & Disaster Management)

Paper V: General Studies- IV (Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude)

Paper VI: Optional Subject- Paper I

Paper VII: Optional Subject- Paper II

Each Paper of Marks -250

Visit the Following Links to Know More About:-

• 👉UPSC Exam Pattern for CSE Prelims📚
• 👉UPSC Syllabus for CSE Prelims📚
• 👉UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus📚
  

UPSC Syllabus for CSE Prelims

Syllabus for GS Paper (Prelims Paper I)

1. Current Events of National and International Importance.
2. History of India and Indian National Movement.
3. Indian and World Geography- Physical, Social, Economic, Geography of India and The World.
4. Indian Polity and Governance- Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues etc.
5. Economic and Social Development- Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives etc.
6. General issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change- that do not require subject specialisation.
7. General Science

Syllabus for CSAT Paper (Prelims Paper II)

1. Comprehension
2. Interpersonal skills including communication skills
3. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability
4. Decision- Making and Problem Solving
5. General Mental Ability
6. Basic Numeracy - Numbers and Their Relations, Orders of Magnitude etc., Class X level, Data Interpretation. 

Visit the Following Links to Know More About:-

• 👉UPSC Exam Pattern For CSE Prelims📚
• 👉UPSC Mains Exam Pattern📚
• 👉UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus📚
  

Category: Syllabus

UPSC Exam Pattern for CSE Prelims

IAS Prelims in the first stage of the Civil Services Examination. Nearly 10 lakh candidates applied for UPSC Prelims in 2021 Approx. 

Exam Pattern for UPSC Prelims:- 

Two Compulsory Papers- 

• General Studies Paper-I
• General Studies Paper-II

Number of Questions asked in GS Paper-I : 100

Numbers of Questions asked in CSAT: 80

Total Number of Marks : 400

• GS Paper-I - 200 Marks
• CSAT- 200 Marks

Negative Marking- 

1/3 of the total marking allotted to the question will be deducted for every wrong answer. 

Time Alloted-

Two Hours Each; 

• GS Paper I- 2 Hours (9:30 AM-11:30 AM)
• CSAT- 2 Hours (2:30 PM- 4:30 PM) 

Visit the Following Links to Know More About:-

• 👉UPSC Syllabus for CSE Prelims 📚
  
• 👉UPSC Mains Exam Pattern 📚
  
• 👉UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus📚

Category: Syllabus

Assembly Elections in Five States

Announcement

The Assembly Elections 2022 in these states are to be held in seven phases. In Uttar Pradesh, The elections are to be held in seven phases, In Manipur, it is to be held in two phases. In Goa, Uttarakhand and Punjab, the assembly elections are to be held in single phase.

Dates of Elections

• UP : February 10
• Goa, Uttarakhand and Punjab : February 14
• Manipur : February 27
• The Vote counting is to begin on March 10.

Elections in India

BJP is in power in all the five states except Punjab. The congress party is in power in Punjab.

The Election Commission has taken enough measures to conduct the election safely. Physical rallies habe been banned until January 15, 2022 due to the Omicron wave spreading in the country. Safety measures at the polling booth are to be implemented as prescribed as prescribed by the ECI. Also COVID safety measures framed for voters. The frontline workers will receive third dose vaccince. 

There are four major types of elections in India. They are Lok Sabha election. Rajya Sabha election, State Election and By Election. There are also elections conducted for state legislative councils, local governance bodies( panchayat and municipal bodies). The state Elections are also called Vidhan Sabha Elections conducted by State Election Commission. Article 324 gives powers to the election commission to conduct elections at central and state level. SEC was introduced by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments. 

Category: Current Affairs- January 2022

Gangasagar Mela

 

 The Gangasagar Mela Started on January 10, 2022 in which occurs in West Bengal's Gangasagar Island. 

About Gangasagar

Gangasagar is a village and a gram panchayat, in the jurisdiction of the Sagar Police station in sagar CD block of South 24 Parganas district in West bengal. It has an average elevation of 4 metres.

Mela Organised

The Gangasagar Mela is organised during Makar Sankranti Every year.

The Mela is being Organised after Calcutta high court gave a go ahead to the government to conduct the event by taking necessary covid-19 measures. There are major cry regarding its cancellation because of surge in covid-19 cases, amid Omicron variant outbreak.

On the occasion of Makar Sankranti thousands of pilgrims seers and tourists take a holy tip in the confluence of ganga and bay of bengal to mark this event.

High court has directed the state government for constituting a three member panel containing the leader of opposition at the state assembly, chairman of West Bengal Human Rights Commission, and Representative of the state. The panel will ensure compliance of COVID-19 measures in Gangasagar Island.

State have been asked to ensure that all persons and pilgrims at the Gangasagar Mela ground wear masks, adhere to social distancing norms and use Sanitisers.

Kochi Water Metro Project

Kochi water Metro Project is operated by the Kochi Metro Rail Ltd. With this kochi has become the first city in India to launch water metro project. It connects ten islands, 15 routes are identified under the project and distance span around 76 km.

Water metro project gives one lakh islanders benefit and operate as a socially inclusive transport system, also focus on improving tourism based initiatives and will improve livelihoods.

The total cost of project is Rs. 819 crores. The German Funding Agency is investing 85 million Euros, that is Rs. 102 Cr. The kerala govt. has allocated Rs. 102 Cr. The land Acquisition cost is Rs. 72 crores.

The Transport system is powered by LTO Battery Technology. This is the first time in the world, battery power centrally controlled water system is implemented. LTO is Linear titanium oxide is a rechargeable battery, it charges at a rapid rate as compared to other lithium-ion batteries. And kochi water boats will be the first boats to use technology in a larger scale. 

Category: Current Affaris- January 2022

Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas Conference 2022

 

 

The Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas is also called Non- Resident Indian Day. it is celebrated on January 9 Every Year. It is celebrated to encourage the overseas indian community to reconnect with their roots.

On January 9, 1915. Mahatma Gandhi Returned to India from South Africa. He travelled to South Africa in 1893, He fought against Racialism in South Africa. 

About Parvasi Bharatiya Diwas Conference:-

1. The Conference is a platform for the NRI's to express their outlooks, feelings and perceptions.
2. it aids in creatin a network of NRI's distributed all over the world.
3. The conference reconnects the NRI's with their roots. it acts as a platform for the NRIs to contribute towards the development of the country.
4. India also conducts Regional Parvasi Bharatiya Diwas. It is conducted outside india.
5. During the conference, outstanding NRIs are felicitated with awards.
6. The main aim of the conference is to connect the indian diaspora.

There are two major categories of indian diaspora. Technological graduates and manual labour. 

Technological graduates are in high value jobs. There are Majorly located in western countries such as Europe and US. The manual labours are those people employed in low- skilled occupation. They are mainly west Asian Countries and Arab Countries. 

Category:- Current Affaris - January 2022

Weekend Curfew Begins in Delhi

 

New Delhi: Delhi is under a 55 hour long weekend curfew which kicked in at 10PM on Friday. The two day Curfew was announced to contain the spread of the Coronavirus.

20,000 Cases today, State Minister said, a day after the fresh COVID Cases in the National Capital Peaked to its highest in eight months. Delhi has been witnessing a huge spike in fresh cases in the span of last several days with the positivity rate rising to over 17 per cent.

What will be allowed in Delhi?

• Only grocery shops,pharmacies will remail open
• Public transport will function
• Doctors, nurses, paramedics and other medical staff in hospitals, diagnostic centres, clinics, pharmacies can travel with a travel ID.
• Patients Requiring medical attention will be allowed to travel along with an attendant if they produce a doctor's prescription. 
• Persons coming from or going to airports, railway stations, bus terminals can travel on production of a valid ticket.
• Students shall be allowed to appear in examination on the production of valid Admit Card.
• The examination staff deployed for exam duties shall be allowed to travel an the production of a valid identity card or examination duty order.
• People working in essential or emergency services like Police, Civil Defence & Bus Marshal, Prison, Home Guard, Fire, Emergency Services can travel. 

 

 

Start-up India Innovation Week

  

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) is going to organise Start-ups India Innovation Week during January 10-16 2022.

Start-ups India Innovation Week is a virtual innovation celebration, to be organised with the aim of commemorating the 75th year of India's Independence. 

It has been designed to showcase the spread and depth of entrepreneurship in India.

The programme is likely to bring together top policy makers, industry, investors, academia, all ecosystem enablers and start ups from.

Start-ups India innovation week will comprise of the sessions on topics including:

1- Enhancing market access opportunities 

2- Discussions with industry leaders

3- Best practices by states

4- Capacity building of enablers 

5- Reverse pitching by incubators

6- Technology exhibitions

7- Corporate connects etc.

Scheme-

Start-up India scheme was lauched on January 16, 2016 with the aim of promoting and supporting the start-ups in India by providing bank finances. Scheme was inaugurated by the former finance minister, Arun Jaitley. It is organised by the Department for promotion of industry & internal trade. Scheme was started with the objective of dicarding restrictive states government policies including License Raj. Foreign Investment Proposals, Land Permissions and Environment Clearances.

Benefits- 

1. It Reduces the patent Registration Fees. 
2. it improves the Bankruptcy Code and ensures a 90 day exit window and provides freedom from mystifying inspections and capital gain tax during first 3 years of operation.
3. it creates innovation hub under Atal Innovation Mission and encourages entrepreneurship across India. 
   

Syllabus Indicate for CGL 2022

 

Tier- I General Intelligence & Reasoning : 

It would include questions of both verbal and non verbal type. This component may include questions on analogies, similarities and differences, space visualization, spatial orientation, problem solving, analysis, judgment, decision making, visual memory, discrimation, observation, relationship concepts, arithmetical reasoning and figural classification, arithmetic number series, non verbal series, coding and decoding, statemetn conclusion, syllogistic reasoning etc.

The Topics are Semantic, Analogy, Symbolic/ Number Analogy, Figural Analogy, Semantic Classification , Symbolic/ Number Classification, Figural Series, Problem Solving, Word Building, Coding & de-Coding, Numeral Operations, Symbolic Operations , Trends, Space Orientation, Space Visualization, Venn Diagrams, Drawing Inferences, Punched hole/pattern folding and unfolding, Figural Pattern- folding and completion, Indexing, Address matching, Date & City matching, Classification of centre codes/ roll numbers, Small & Capital Letters/ Numbers coding, Decoding and classification, Embedded Figures, Critical thinking, Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence.

General Awareness: 

Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and such matters of every day observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relationg to India and its neighbouring Countires especially Pertaining History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scene, General Policy & Scientific Reasearch. 

Quantitative Aptitude: 

The Scope of the test will be the Computation of whole numbers, decimals, fractions and relationships between Numbers, Percentage, Ratio & Proportion, Square Roots, Averages, Interest, Profit and Loss, Discount, Partnership Business, Mixture and Alligation, Time and Distance, Time and Work, Basic algebraic identities of School Algebra & Elementary surds, Graphs of Linear Equations, Triangle and its various kinds of centres, Congurence and similarity of triangles, Circle and its chords, tangents, angles subtended by chords of a circle, common tangents to two or more circles. Triangle, Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons, Circles, Right Prism, Right Circular Cone, Right Circular Cylinder, Sphere, Hemispheres, Rectangular Parallelepiped, Regular Right Pyramid with triangular or square base, Trigonometric ratio, Degree and Radian Measures, Standard Identities Complementary angles, Heights and Distances, Histogram, Frequency polygon, Bar Diagram & Pie Chart.

English Language and Comprehension:

Understanding English Language and will be based on spot the error, fill in the blanks, synonyms, antonyms, spelling/ detecting misspelled words, idiom & phrases, one word substitution, improvement of sentences, active/passive voice of verbs, conversion into direct/indirect narration, shuffling of sentence parts, shuffling of sentences in a passage, cloze passage & comprehension passage.

Aceh Andaman- Nicobar Connectivity

 

 

 Both the Countries had decided to cooperate in connectivity between Andaman & Nicobar island and Aceh province of Indonesia, during PM Narendra Modi visit to Indonesia in 2018. During the Conversation India and Indonesia also discussed the COVID-19 crisis and situation in Myanmar and Afghanistan. Indonesia is a member of ASEAN, has been concerned about the developments in Myanmar.

Sabang port in Aceh is about 90 nautical miles from Indian islands of Andaman and Nicobar. Sabang is at the entrance of strait of malacca, which is considered as a key global choke point. any stoppage of traffic at this point can impact countries like China, as major chunk of energy & trade passes through the strait.

The Diplomatic relation was established in 1951. Both countries are neighbours because Andaman & Nicobar Islands of India share a maritime border with indonesia in the Andaman Sea. Relationship between Indian- Indonesian dates back to almost two millenia. Relationship between Indian- Both the countires are among the largest democracies of world. They are member states of G-20, E7, United Nations and Non- Aligned Movement.

The Bublebee bat : World's Smallest Mammal

 

 

The World's Smallest Mammal Weighing in at 0.05 to 0.07 ounces, with a head to body length of 1.14 to 1.29 inches and a wingspan of 5.1 to 5.7 inches, the bumblebee bat- also known as kitti's hog nosed bat is the smallest mammal in the world.

According to Guinness book of World Records. To see this tiny bat for yourself, you have to visit one of a select few limestone vaces on the khwae noi river in southwest Thailant.

 

China's Artificial Sun

 

 

 

 Recently, An experiment on Artificial Sun at the Hefei Institute of Physical science china's eastern province of Anhui. More than 10,000 Chinese and foreign scientific researchers took part in this $948 million project called experiential advanced superconducting tokamak.

The experiment started in December 2021 and last until june 2022, EAST (Experiential Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) Seeks to utilise the power of nuclear fusion. This is less explored way of harnessing nuclear energy.

The EAST reactor is being tested in order to make its auxiliary heating system becomes Hotter and Durable.

EAST was designed and built by the chinese. It has been used for nuclear fusion experiments since 2006. However, researchers have achieved an important milestone in the recent experiments only.

Experiments on EAST reactor might help scientists to get closer to Unlimited clean energy.

Challenges- Scientists are now facing the challenge to maintain temperatures above 100 million degrees Celsius and operate the setup in a stable way for long Durations.

Vaccine Pass by French Government

 

 

French Govt. Recently approved a bill on health pass. Under the bill People more than 12 years of age should prove that they have been vaccinated to enter cultural venues, restaurants, bars or other public transport. The French Vaccine pass is very much similar to the 2G rules of Germany. Vaccinated and recovered persons in Germany are referred to as 2G. Only 2G persons can access theatres, swimming pool, museums, hairdressing, beauty salons, dance studios, fitness centres etc. 

The European countries were using health pass to travel across borders. The health pass was provided to those who were fully vaccinated, to those who showed proof of negative COVID-19 test. it can be obtained free of cost, in national language , comes with QR code and is valid in all the EU Countries. 

The COVID vaccine is being made compulsory in many countries. This culture mainly developed after the upturn of Delta Variant. The countries are austria, costa rica, ecuador, germany, indonesia, italy, micronesia, tajikistan, turkmenistan, czech republic, greece, malaysia, russia etc. In india such measures are yet to come in.

What is Aquamation?

Aquamation, is also called as alkaline hydrolysis, is a process in which the dead body is immersed in a mixture of water and a strong alkali in pressurized metal cylinder, for a few hours.This process is considered as an environment friendly way of disposing of a body.

It is also dubbed as water cremation, green cremation or chemical cremation. The process leaves behind bone fragements and a neutral liquid called effluent. The effluent is sterile and contains salts, sugars, amino acids and peptides.

Aquamation uses five times less energy than fire. it reduces the amount of greenhouse gases by about 35% as compared to other way of cremation, Tutu's body undergo water creamation because of he had always been passionate about protecting the environment. he had always wanted a simple eco friendly cremation.

 

 

 

Space Station Researches

 

 

The ISS ( International Space Station) is the most expensive laboratory in the world. it has more than twenty year of opeartion. The tests and experiments conducted in the ISS has Provided insight into the effect of microgravity on human body and other interesting things. The Astronauts suffer from bone loss during their stay in space. However this can avoided by performing regular exercises in space. Also it was found that bone loss astronauts can be predicted through the elevation of certain biomarkers.

The mineral called colemanite is capable of protecting the astronauts from space radiation. it boron rich mineral. The experiment called MICS created cement in space. MICS is Microgravity Investigation of cement solidfication. The experiment proved that cement making possible in space.